Ancient Greek gold crown kept for decades in a box of old newspapers under bed

A rare gold crown believed to be more than 2,300 years old was discovered in 2016 under a bed in a Somerset cottage. The delicate Greek myrtle wreath, which is thought to date to 300 BC, was found in a cardboard box in a modest Taunton property. Its elderly owner was stunned when he found out the artifact is worth at least £100,000. Stylistically it belongs to a rarefied group of wreaths dateable to the Hellenistic period and the form may indicate that it was made in Northern Greece. It is eight inches across and weighs about 100 grams. It's pure gold and handmade and it would have been hammered out by a goldsmith.

Gold wreaths like the one found were meant to imitate the wreaths of real leaves that were worn in Ancient Greece in religious ceremonies and given as prizes in athletic and artistic contests. They usually depicted branches of laurel, myrtle, oak and olive trees, which were symbolic of concepts such as wisdom, triumph, fertility, peace and virtue. Due to their fragile nature, they were only worn on special occasions. Many were dedicated to the Gods in sanctuaries or placed in the graves of royal or aristocratic people as funerary offerings.

The current owner's grandfather was a collector who was fascinated by the ancient world. Although his family don't know how or where he acquired it, it's likely he bought it sometime in the 1940s. Similar gold wreaths can command £200,000.

Rare ancient coins solid investments

Results for the Stack’s Bowers Galleries August 2020 auction illustrate numismatics stands firm even during times of economic uncertainty. Over 92% of the ancient coin and world coin and paper money lots changed hands. Highlights among ancient coins included a gold octodrachm of Arsinoe II Philadelphos, which garnered $38k, a gold stater of Kroisos that sold for $30k, and an exceptional silver half shekel from year 3 of the First Jewish War that made $22k.

SICILY. Syracuse. The Gameroi, ca. 500-490/86 B.C. AR Tetradrachm (17.21 gms). NGC Ch F, Strike: 5/5 Surface: 2/5. Marks. Obverse: Charioteer, holding reins in both hands, driving slow quadriga right; Reverse: Head of Arethousa left in incuse circle in center of quadripartite incuse square. A VERY RARE type, this piece emanates from the earliest coinage at Syracuse. Est $5k to $10k, hammer price $13,200

The sarcophagus of Hercules

The sarcophagus of Hercules was brought from Zurich to Istanbul in 2017 and was put on display in the museum of Antalya, a southern city where the second century artifact originated. Numerous Roman marble funerary coffins were decorated with scenes from the mythic labours of the hero Hercules, a very popular theme showing his triumphs over death.

The sarcophagus is believed to have been stolen from the ancient city of Perge, 18 kilometers (11 miles) east of Antalya on the Mediterranean coast, sometime in the 1960s. After undergoing restoration in the U.K. several years ago, it was seized by Swiss customs authorities in 2010. The fabled Twelve Labors of Hercules, from the killing of a mythological lion to cleaning the stables, are depicted on the exterior of the sarcophagus. Since 2003, Turkey has been pursuing a legal process for the retrieval of several artifacts. Over 4,000 smuggled historical artifacts were repatriated to Turkey from 2004 to 2016.

The piece was placed next to the "Weary Heracles" statue, which itself was retrieved from the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. The top half of the statue was missing for decades before being located in the Boston museum, which purchased it in 1982. The bottom part was discovered in Perge in 1980 and was showcased in the Antalya Museum.

Gold Bowl of Hasanlu

The Iron Age fortified hilltop site of Hasanlu Tepe in northwest Iran was sacked around 800 B.C. Hasanlu developed into a significant commercial and production center during the early Iron Age (1400–800 B.C.), owing to its location on important trade routes between Mesopotamia and Anatolia.

In 1958 archaeologists were exploring the complex at Teppe Hasanlu near the city of Naghadeh in the northwestern province of West Azarbaijan. They came across a layer of an Iron Age city that had been frozen in time - a ‘burn layer’ containing remains preserved in ash and rubble. The Gold Bowl of Hasanlu was discovered not far from a skeletal hand who was likely the last to touch it almost 3000 years ago. Evidence suggests when the citadel of Hasanlu was under siege some soldiers penetrated into the citadel grabbing a handful of valuable treasures, including the gold bowl. The theory suggests that the whole building collapsed, crushing the looters and their possessions under layers of debris. And here they remained for thousands of years.

The Gold Bowl weighs more than two pounds and bears remarkable repoussé and chase decorations.

Different kinds of weapons, including daggers or swords, bow and arrow are depicted in various scenes in the lower and middle registers of the Hasanlu bowl.

The 'Dolphin Rider' coinage of Tarentum

Tarentum, the city upon which modern Taranto, Italy was built, was founded in the eighth century BCE. Some attributed the civic beginnings to Taras, the legendary son of Poseidon and Satyria, a local nymph. In his myth, Taras falls from his ship during a storm, and is miraculously rescued and brought to shore by a dolphin. Starting in the very late sixth century BCE, Tarentum began issuing coinage paying tribute to the dolphin.

Though many denominations were struck over the ensuing three centuries, the most iconic was that of the nomos, a silver coin equivalent to two drachmai. Corresponding in size to U.S. nickel, these coins were a staple in regional trade. A vast quantity were struck owing to the fact that Tarentum was one of the most populous cities in the world around 500 BCE.

Ancient artifacts and DNA testing

Ancient people in Scandinavia used birch pitch as chewing gum.

Scientists were able to sequence a complete human genome from a piece of birch pitch that was chewed up and spat out in southern Denmark some 5700 years ago. The chewer was female, with dark skin, dark hair, and blue eyes. Trapped within her gum was genetic material from one of her meals—duck and hazelnuts—along with DNA from the bacteria and viruses she harbored in her mouth. 17,000-year-old puma shit from the southern Andes contains the oldest parasite DNA yet recorded. It proves pumas were infested with roundworm long before humans and their animals arrived.

Centuries-old manuscripts are appreciated for their words and illustrations, but recent research has shown they can also be treasure troves of DNA.

Scribes often wrote on parchment made from the skin of animals. Religious pages containing oaths are rife with human microbial DNA, likely because they were often handled and kissed by clergymen. DNA played a crucial role in identifying the bones of Richard III, which were unearthed beneath a city parking lot in Leicester, England in 2012.

Rodents of millennia past were nest builders.

They collected bits from their surroundings and sealed it with their urine, which acts as a binder that preserves the nests for tens of thousands of years. These nests, middens, offer a snapshot of the local environment at the time they were made. Because the enamel that coats our teeth is 97% mineral, human teeth are more likely to survive through time. In 2010 genetic material from a wisdom tooth discovered in Siberia lead scientists identify the Denisovans, a little-known group that shared a common ancestor with Neanderthals and Homo sapiens.

Antoninus Pius

Antoninus Pius, also known as Antoninus, was Roman emperor from 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors from the Nerva–Antonine dynasty.

138-161 AD. Aureus, 7.30g. Rome, 140-4 CE

Born into a senatorial family, Antoninus held various offices during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. He is remembered by history as a kind, just, and wise emperor. Antoninus Pius was an “Adopted Emperor”, where succession was a conscious decision, not a birthright. After the death of Hadrian’s first adopted son, Lucius Aelius, on February 25, 138 CE, Antoninus was formally adopted by Hadrian. It was agreed that he would be made emperor with the provision that he would, in turn, adopt Marcus Aurelius.

His humanitarian efforts were significant, and he was loved by the Roman people. Antoninus Pius died in his sleep at the age of 74. His successor Marcus Aurelius spoke very highly of Antoninus: “Remember his qualities, so that when your last hour comes your conscience may be as clear as his.” His last spoken word was “aequanimitas”, meaning equanimity – mental calmness and composure.

Shipwreck Treasure at auction

Early Spanish colonial gold tumbaga bar weighing 1.816 kilograms with a marked fineness of 5.75 karat. The bar realized a price of $50,575 on a $35,000 and up estimate. The bar was one of thirteen gold ingots recovered from the “Tumbaga wreck” which sank around 1528. Surfaces of the bar bear the tax stamps in the name of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor who also ruled over Spain at the time.

A high-grade silver bar weighing 92 troy pounds, 3.84 troy ounces that was recovered from the wreck of the Atocha, sunk in 1622 off Key West, Florida sold for $57,715 on a $30,000+ estimate. The bar was graded Class Factor 1.0, the highest grade given to Atocha silver bars, despite spending 300 years on the ocean floor. This group of 1617-dated gold cob 2 escudos brought $33,320.

Gucci restoration of Rome's Tarpeian Rock

The Tarpeian Rock, or Rupe Tarpea, suffered a mini landslide in 2019 when chunks of the ancient cliff fell off. Gucci funded the restoration of Rome's Tarpeian Rock with a €1.6m donation in a two-year project, with completion around mid-2022.

Long neglected, the legendary site lies overgrown and overlooked on the southern side of the Capitoline Hill. The rock is named for Tarpeia, a Vestal virgin and daughter of a Roman commander. When Rome was under siege by the Sabines, the story goes, she offered to betray the city. Tarpeia was flung to her death from what would henceforth become known as the Tarpeian Rock.

By the early Republic, the rock was the site of capital punishment used against those convicted of perduellio, Rome’s earliest legal term for treason. Perduellio included acts of betrayal, secret cooperation with enemies, desertion, and political betrayal that weakened the safety and stability of the city.

Later Romans would use the site to put to death their most notorious criminals, who would be thrown headfirst off the drop. The gruesome punishment was reserved for traitors, murderers and rebels to serve as a warning to others. 'The Tarpeian Rock is close to the Capitol,' an old Roman saying went – in other words, even at the height of power, you're never far from a fall.

There was a symbolic power of the location. The cliff lay just below the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, which had been completed around 509 BC. Here Romans offered prayers to their highest god and asked for favour for the wellbeing of the state. Italian authorities regularly turn to brands for the cash to preserve Italy's crumbling heritage. Bulgari also restored the Largo di Torre Argentina, the site where Julius Caesar is said to have been stabbed to death.

First dodo skeleton in 100 years sold at auction - $431k

The first nearly complete dodo skeleton in more than 100 years was sold at auction in 2018 - more than 350 years after the bird's last confirmed sighting by humans.

Known for their slightly comical, ungainly appearance, the flightless birds - most closely related to pigeons - were last seen on the island of Maritius, their sole habitat, in 1662. It's believed the presence of humans brought about their extinction in just 70 years.

Dodos stood around 1m tall and weighed between 10 and 20kg. This dodo skeleton comes from a private collector, who started collecting bones in the 1970s and bought the majority then and in the 1980s.

Like most collectors, he spent years adding to his collection and it was only in the early 2000s that he realized he had enough bones (only lacking part of the skull and one set of claws - which were reconstructed) to construct a skeleton. He then meticulously reassembled them to create as complete a specimen as possible.

Any newly discovered bones from the Mare aux Songes swamp - where the vast majority of dodo bones were found in the 19th century – will not be for sale. The Mauritian Government has banned all exports of dodo bones.