Piece of Dinosaur Tail found in Amber

At a market in northern Burma in 2017, Lida Xing noticed a chunk of amber with a dark blotch inside. The impurity — plant matter, it seemed at first — made the amber far less valuable. But it made the specimen priceless to Xing. Trapped inside the amber was a piece of dinosaur tail, complete with feathers preserved in microscopic detail. Researchers believe the 3.7-centimetre-long section of tail — eight vertebrae wrapped in skin and soft tissue and covered with pigmented plumage — belonged to a theropod that lived in the mid-Cretaceous, about 99 myo. Amber containing feathered dinosaur-era remains reported before included the discovery of a wing from a primitive Cretaceous bird.

Most scientists now accept that many dinosaurs were feathered, and this discovery will help answer questions about exactly what those dinosaurs looked like and how feathers evolved.

Gold bar was Conquistador booty

A gold bar in Mexico revealed that it was once part of the treasure stolen by the Spanish conquistadors during the conquest of the Aztec. It belongs to an event called the ‘Night of Sorrows’ (La Noche Triste) in 1520. The bar was probably made by goldsmiths working under the supervision of the Spanish in 1519-1520.

On the night of July 1, 1520, Cortez's army left their compound and headed west, toward the Tlacopan causeway. The Spaniards made their way out of their complex unnoticed but were seen by Aztec warriors known as the Eagle Warriors, who sounded the alarm. The fighting was ferocious. As the Spaniards and their native allies reached the causeway, hundreds of canoes appeared in the waters. Weighed down by gold and equipment, many soldiers lost their footing, fell into the lake, and drowned. Sources vary as to the total number of casualties. At least 450 Spaniards died along with 4,000 of their allies.

The Peacock Throne

The Peacock Throne was a famous jewelled throne that was the seat of the Mughal emperors of India. It was commissioned in the early 17th century by emperor Shah Jahan and was located in the Red Fort of Delhi. The original throne was captured and taken as a war trophy in 1739 by the Persian king Nader Shah, and has been lost ever since. The Peacock Throne took seven years to complete. Large amounts of gold, precious stones and pearls were used, creating a masterpiece of Mughal workmanship that was unsurpassed before or since.

A 2000 report estimated the value of the Peacock Throne at $810m

The throne was inaugurated with a triumphant ceremony on 22 March 1635.

Shah Jahan ruled in what is considered the Golden Age of the vast Mughal Empire, which covered most of the Indian subcontinent. It was ruled from the capital of Shahjahanabad and the imperial citadel Red Fort.

It was only seen by a small minority of courtiers, aristocrats and visiting dignitaries. The throne was even for the Golden Age Mughal standards supremely extravagant and cost twice as much as the construction of the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan's son Aurangzeb ascended the Peacock Throne and is considered the last of the strong Mughal emperors. By his death in 1707 the empire was in inexorable decline. Nadir Shah's invasion of India culminated in the Battle of Karnal on February 13, 1739 and the defeat of Muhammad Shah. Nader Shah of Persia sacked Delhi and stole the Peacock Throne.

Nadir Shah entered Delhi and sacked the city. Persian troops left Delhi at the beginning of May 1739, taking with them the throne as a war trophy with many other treasures. Among the known precious stones were the Akbar Shah diamond, Great Mogul diamond, Great Table diamond, Koh-i-Noor, Shah diamond, as well as the Samarian spinel and the Timur ruby.

An Imperial Mughal spinel necklace with eleven polished baroque spinels for a total weight of 1,131.59 carats. Three of the spinels are engraved. Two with the name of Emperor Jahangir (1569-1627), one with the three names of Emperor Jahangir, Emperor Shah Jahan and Emperor Alamgir, also known as Aurangzeb. Portrait of Mumtaz Mahal (Arjumand Banu Begum). She was the favourite wife of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. She died shortly after giving birth to her fourteenth child in 1631. The following year the emperor began work on the mausoleum that would house her body. The result was the world-famous Taj Mahal.

A Mughal masterpiece. The necklace features five pendant Golconda diamonds with emerald drops. The central stone weighs 28 carats and is the largest table-cut diamond known. The five surrounding stones—weighing 96 carats, collectively—comprise the largest known matching set of table-cut diamonds. From the 17th century. A rare Mughal pale green jadeite snuff bottle. 1800-1900. The translucent stone is of pale icy green tone. 2 in. (5 cm.) high, pink tourmaline stopper and bone spoon.

Battle of Megiddo

The Battle of Megiddo is the first battle that was recorded in detail and for posterity. Pharaoh Thutmose III's military scribe inscribed it in hieroglyphs at Thutmose's temple at Karnak, Thebes (now Luxor). Not only is this the first detailed battle description, but it is the first written reference to the religiously important Megiddo: Megiddo is also known as Armageddon. Megiddo was an important city because it overlooked the route from Egypt through Syria to Mesopotamia. If an enemy of Egypt controlled Megiddo, it could block the pharaoh from reaching the rest of his empire. In approximately 1479 B.C., Thutmose III, pharaoh of Egypt, led an expedition against the prince of Kadesh who was in Megiddo.

Egyptian troops entered the fortress at Megiddo to plunder. They took almost a thousand chariots, including the prince's, more than 2000 horses, thousands of other animals, millions of bushels of grain, an impressive pile of armor, and thousands of captives. The Egyptians next went north where they captured 3 Lebanese fortresses, Inunamu, Anaugas, and Hurankal.

7-year-old Israeli Boy Finds 3,400-year-old Canaanite Figurine

In 2016 a seven-year-old boy found a beautifully preserved 3,400-year-old female figurine at the Canaanite archaeological site of Tel Rehov. The well-preserved carved form of a naked woman, featuring a narrow waist and apparently an ornate hairdo was turned it over to the Israel Antiquities Authority. Archaeologists are mixed if the figurine is an idol of a fertility goddess, such as Astarte, or depicts a living woman of the time. The figurine is from the late Bronze period of 13 to 15 centuries BCE and from the city of Rehov, which was then ruled by the central government of the Egyptian pharaohs. Tel Rehov is the location of the largest ancient Canaanite and Israelite site in the Beth-Shean Valley and one of the largest sites in the Holy Land. Excavations at Tel Rehov revealed successive occupational layers from the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age.

The Stronghold of Cape St. Atanas

In 2013, 7 gold coins were found near the Bulgarian town of Byala, Varna. The coins are 4.5 grams each of 98% pure gold. One of them was minted during the reign of Emperor Justinian I the Great, and the rest are from the time of Justin the First. The treasure was found buried in a sealed ceramic container at the ancient stronghold of Cape St. Atanas. It dates to the sixth century B.C. “The White Rocks” in Byala was in the immediate vicinity of a famous Roman travel station/Templum Iovis and there was a stronghold around it. The station was named after the temple of Zeus.

Around the time of the coins' burial, the area was populated with the remains of the Roman Empire. In the fourth century the 7 coins could buy 300 kg of wheat, 1 horse, 10 pigs or 3000 liters of wine. 7 gold coins was about a standard Roman soldier's annual salary. Varna, the area's main city, is famous as the site where the oldest golden treasure in the world was found.

See ----->Gold of the Varna Necropolis

Assyrian siege ramp of Sennacherib

In 701 BC, the Assyrian empire was a superpower that waged a bloody campaign against Judah. “After all that Hezekiah had so faithfully done, Sennacherib king of Assyria came and invaded Judah. He laid siege to the fortified cities, thinking to conquer them for himself,” (2 Chronicles 32:1) The Assyrians controlled land extending from modern-day Iran to Egypt. The Assyrians dominated with siege ramps. Archaeologists reconstructed how the Assyrians may have built a siege ramp to conquer the biblical city of Lachish.

Lachish was the key stronghold in the hilly Shephelah region, the breadbasket of Judah.

The researchers discovered that the ramp was made up of 3 million small boulders weighing about 14 pounds each. Sennacherib’s men worked around the clock to build the ramp, passing each stone by hand man-to-man. According to the researchers, the men finished the ramp in 25 days. Residents of Lachish watched the Assyrian army build the ramp, and they would try to defend the city by shooting arrows and throwing down stones. In the final stage of the ramp, wooden beams were placed on top of the stones and held battering rams. The battering rams then pounded the city walls.

The Trident

Corinthian plaque, 550–525 BC.

The trident has always been associated with Poseidon. Poseidon was gifted his trident by the elder cyclopes, the one-eyed giants of ancient Greece, to help him in the war against the titans. Poseidon, as well as being god of the sea, was also known as the 'Earth Shaker' because when he struck the earth in anger he caused earthquakes. He also used his trident to stir up tidal waves, tsunamis and sea storms. In Hindu mythology, it is the weapon of Shiva, known as trishula.

Tutankhamun's gold

The Grand Egyptian Museum is exhibiting Tutankhamun’s gold. The exhibition is a celebration of the anniversary of the discovery of Tutankhamun’s tomb in 1922. More than 5,000 pieces of Tutankhamun’s artifacts are spread across 7,500 square meters.

See ----->http://psjfactoids.blogspot.ca/2016/11/gold-of-tutankhamun.html
See ----->http://psjfactoids.blogspot.ca/2016/06/tutankhamuns-dagger-made-from-meteorite.html

Ashurnasirpal II Relief - $ 31m

Retrieved from Nimrud in modern-day Iraq in the mid-19th century. Standing more than seven feet high, this proud figure was once part of an elaborate decorative scheme that covered the walls of the Northwest Palace at Nimrud, which was constructed some 3,000 years ago. An Assyrian gypsum relief of a Winged Genius. Reign of Ashurnasirpal II, circa 883-859 BC.

The Assyrian relief sold for $30,968,750 in 2018.

The stone’s surface is covered in ‘Standard Inscription’, a cuneiform incantation that recalls Ashurnasirpal: ‘Fierce monarch, merciless hero, the word of whose mouth destroys mountains and seas…’